Central bank digital currency (CBDC) is already a reality. The Central Bank of the Bahamas has the distinction of launching the world’s first CBDC, the Sand Dollar, in October 2020. China is perhaps most advanced in the preparation for the retail application of its CBDC, the digital RMB. While CBDC trials and implementations so far focused on domestic and mainly retail use, they have the potential to enhance the efficiency of cross-border payments.
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